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Notes from the people building it.

Engineering deep-dives, architecture decisions and the reasoning behind them.

Ali Nazari

Why Your Pilot Never Scaled

The site volunteered, the integration was unbilled, the benefit was measured by its advocates, and nobody owned it afterwards. Six structural reasons, and the reframing that fixes them.

IIoTdeploymentproject management
Ali Nazari

Which Spare Parts to Stock

Consequence, likelihood and lead time — and it is lead time that inverts the intuitions built on price. Why a €50 sensor can outrank a €50,000 drive, and the three metrics that tell you if you got it right.

maintenancespare partsinventory
Ali Nazari

Choosing Between Modbus, OPC UA and MQTT

They are not competitors: a register protocol, an information model and a transport pattern. What each is genuinely good at, the two failure modes that recur, and why the choice is per link rather than per company.

industrial protocolsOPC UAMQTT
Ali Nazari

Designing HMI Screens for the Worst Ten Minutes

The screen is drawn on a quiet afternoon and read during an upset. Why colour should be reserved for abnormal, why a bar beats a number, and the one test that tells you whether the design works.

HMIISA-101operator interface
Ali Nazari

What a Factory Acceptance Test Should Actually Test

A FAT moves risk before the machine moves. Most of them demonstrate the happy path instead — here is the list of failures to force, and why a test that passes everything first time tested nothing.

commissioningFATproject management
Ali Nazari

Grounding and Shielding: Why Your Signal Is Noisy

Protective earth and signal reference are different jobs sharing a word, and confusing them is where most noise starts. Where to bond a shield, why the frequency changes the answer, and what to measure first.

EMCinstrumentationfield wiring
Ali Nazari

Why Your OEE Number Is Wrong

The arithmetic is trivial and the definitions are where it breaks: the denominator, the ideal cycle time, the stop threshold and where quality is counted. Four choices that move the number thirty points.

OEEmanufacturing metricsoperations
Ali Nazari

How to Commission a Thousand Devices

The pilot of ten was configured by hand by the people who built it. At a thousand, the manual steps stop being slow and start being the defect. Identity, claiming, verification and the paths nobody plans for.

device provisioningIIoTfleet management
Ali Nazari

Zones and Conduits: What OT Segmentation Actually Requires

Segmentation is not a firewall purchase, it is a list of what talks to what. Why VLANs alone are not a boundary, how to write a conduit down, and the exception that quietly eats the design.

OT securityIEC 62443network segmentation
Ali Nazari

Choosing a Sampling Rate

Nyquist is about the highest frequency present, not the highest one you care about — and everything above half your rate folds back in permanently. What rate each job actually needs, and the six things to write down.

signal processingcondition monitoringdata acquisition
Ali Nazari

Why Your Timestamps Disagree

Four clocks touch every reading and nobody decided which one counts. What that costs, how much accuracy each use actually needs, and the short list of decisions that fixes it for good.

time synchronisationPTPNTP
Ali Nazari

What a Gateway Should Do When the Network Goes Down

The link will fail. Whether that costs you an inconvenience or a hole in the record comes down to how the gateway buffers, what it drops first, and how politely it drains when the connection returns.

edge gatewaysstore and forwardIIoT

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